袁媛, 何仟, 王丹, 周静, 郎楠, 尹萸, 张美辨, 孙承业. 2004—2021年我国急性职业中毒报告事件特征分析[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2023, 41(1): 37-42. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2023.01.009
引用本文: 袁媛, 何仟, 王丹, 周静, 郎楠, 尹萸, 张美辨, 孙承业. 2004—2021年我国急性职业中毒报告事件特征分析[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2023, 41(1): 37-42. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2023.01.009
YUAN Yuan, HE Qian, WANG Dan, ZHOU Jing, LANG Lan, YIN Yu, ZHANG Meibian, SUN Chengye. Characteristics of acute occupational poisoning cases reported in China from 2004 to 2021[J]. Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, 2023, 41(1): 37-42. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2023.01.009
Citation: YUAN Yuan, HE Qian, WANG Dan, ZHOU Jing, LANG Lan, YIN Yu, ZHANG Meibian, SUN Chengye. Characteristics of acute occupational poisoning cases reported in China from 2004 to 2021[J]. Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, 2023, 41(1): 37-42. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2023.01.009

2004—2021年我国急性职业中毒报告事件特征分析

Characteristics of acute occupational poisoning cases reported in China from 2004 to 2021

  • 摘要:
      目的  探讨我国2004—2021年急性职业中毒事件流行病学特征和发生规律,为我国急性职业中毒事件处置以及防控措施的制定提供科学依据。
      方法  收集整理2004—2021年中国疾病预防控制中心突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统报告的急性职业中毒事件报告,从中提取发生年月、发生地区、中毒人数、死亡人数、职业危害因素、行业、企业规模等信息建立数据库,进行描述性流行病学分析。
      结果  2004—2021年全国28个省(直辖市、自治区)和新疆生产建设兵团共报告急性职业中毒事件528起,中毒5 426人,死亡600人,病死率为11.1%。上海市、安徽省、山东省、云南省和四川省报告事件数居前5位,共报告事件301起,占全国报告总数的57.0%。8月份报告急性职业中毒事件数和死亡人数最多,为64起(占12.1%),死亡89人(占14.8%)。窒息性气体、刺激性气体导致的急性职业中毒事件占所有急性职业中毒事件数的69.9%,这两类事件导致的死亡人数占所有事件死亡人数的82.0%。一氧化碳、硫化氢中毒占窒息性气体中毒事件数的82.9%;氯气、氨气、光气、氮氧化物和硫酸二甲酯中毒占刺激性气体中毒事件数的57.8%。发生急性职业中毒事件数居前3位的行业门类为制造业、批发和零售业、建筑业,共占事件数的70.6%,死亡人数居前3位的行业门类为制造业、采矿业和建筑业,占67.5%。小、微型规模企业发生急性职业中毒事件数分别占总事件数的38.3%和31.4%;小型企业和大型企业的病死率相近,分别是18.7%和18.6%。
      结论  我国急性职业中毒事件病死率高的突发公共卫生事件。需要完善相关法律法规,加强急性职业中毒事件监测及卫生应急处置能力,采取更有针对性的措施对其进行防控。

     

    Abstract:
      Objective  In order to provide the scientific basis for the prevention, control and management of acute occupational poisoning incidents, the characteristics and the occurrence pattern of acute occupational poisoning incidents in China from 2004 to 2021 were analyzed.
      Methods  The data of acute occupational poisoning incidents reported in the management information system of public health emergency in China CDC were collected, the information such as date of occurrence, region of occurrence, number of poisoning, number of deaths, occupational hazards, industry and enterprise size was abstracted and analyzed.
      Results  From 2004 to 2021, a total of 528 acute occupational poisoning incidents were reported in 28 provinces (municipalities autonomous regions) and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, resulting in 5 426 poisoning cases and 600 deaths, with a fatality rate of 11.1%. 301 incidents (accounting for 57.0%) were reported by Shanghai, Anhui, Shandong, Yunnan and Sichuan. The highest number of incidents and deaths of acute occupational poisoning were reported in August, with 64 cases (accounting for 12.1%) and 89 deaths (accounting for 14.8%). The number of acute occupational poisoning incidents and deaths caused by asphyxiating and irritant gases accounted for 69.9% and 82.0%, respectively. Carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide poisoning accounted for 82.9% of the asphyxiation gas poisoning incidents. Chlorine, ammonia, phosgene, nitrogen oxide and dimethyl sulfate poisoning accounted for 57.8% of the irritant gas poisoning incidents. The top three industry categories reporting acute occupational poisoning incidents were manufacturing, wholesale and retail, and construction, which accounted for 70.6% of all incidents, while 67.5% of the deaths were reported in manufacturing, mining, and construction. The number of acute occupational poisoning incidents in small and micro-scale enterprises accounted for 38.3% and 31.4%, respectively. The fatality rate in small businesses (18.7%) was similar to that in large businesses (18.6%).
      Conclusions  Acute occupational poisoning is a public health emergency with a high fatality rate in China. It is necessary to improve relevant laws and regulations, strengthen the surveillance and health emergency response capacity for acute occupational poisoning incidents, and take more targeted measures to prevent and control them.

     

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