王海涛, 杨荔, 苏亚娇, 秦真威, 张晓彤, 李婵, 朱红茹, 范红敏. 2009—2018年中国职业病发病规律及特征[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2020, 38(2): 178-182. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2020.02.022
引用本文: 王海涛, 杨荔, 苏亚娇, 秦真威, 张晓彤, 李婵, 朱红茹, 范红敏. 2009—2018年中国职业病发病规律及特征[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2020, 38(2): 178-182. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2020.02.022
WANG Haitao, YANG Li, SU Yajiao, QIN Zhenwei, ZHANG Xiaotong, LI Chan, ZHU Hongru, FAN Hongmin. Characteristics of occupational disease reported in China during 2009 to 2018[J]. Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, 2020, 38(2): 178-182. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2020.02.022
Citation: WANG Haitao, YANG Li, SU Yajiao, QIN Zhenwei, ZHANG Xiaotong, LI Chan, ZHU Hongru, FAN Hongmin. Characteristics of occupational disease reported in China during 2009 to 2018[J]. Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, 2020, 38(2): 178-182. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2020.02.022

2009—2018年中国职业病发病规律及特征

Characteristics of occupational disease reported in China during 2009 to 2018

  • 摘要:
    目的 通过分析我国2009-2018年职业病发病规律和特征,为制定职业病防控措施提供理论依据。
    方法 从中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会官网查找相关文件进行职业病发病数据的收集,对我国2009-2018年职业病发病情况进行回顾性分析,比较不同年度病种构成的差异。
    结果 2009-2018年我国共确诊职业病270 254例,其中尘肺病及其他呼吸系统疾病235 553例(占87.16%)、职业性化学中毒15 589例(占5.77%)、职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病9 047例(占3.35%)、职业性传染病3 883例(占1.44%)、物理因素所致职业病2 232例(占0.83%)、职业性皮肤病1 320例(占0.49%)、职业性眼病1 258例(占0.47%)、职业性肿瘤870例(占0.32%)、职业性放射性疾病143例(占0.05%)、其他职业病359例(占0.13%)。其间,尘肺病及其他呼吸系统疾病、职业性肿瘤发病无明显升高或下降趋势;耳鼻喉口腔疾病、物理因素所致职业病、职业性传染病发病人数呈增长的趋势;化学中毒、职业性皮肤病、职业性眼病、职业性放射性疾病发病人数呈下降的趋势。
    结论 尘肺病及其他呼吸系统疾病是我国最主要的职业病,职业接触的化学物品危害较大。耳鼻喉口腔疾病等发病率呈增长趋势的职业病需要加强预防和控制。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To understand the incidence and characteristics of occupational diseases reported in China from 2009 to 2018, and to provide evidence for the prevention and control measures of occupational diseases.
    Methods The occupational disease incidence data were collected from the official website of the National Health Commission of the people's Republic of China in 2009 -2018. A retrospective analysis was made for the incidence of occupational diseases in 2009 -2018, and the differences of disease composition in different years were compared.
    Results In 2009 -2018, 270 254 cases of occupational diseases were diagnosed in China, including 235 553 cases (87.16%) of pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases, 15 589 cases (5.77%) of chemical poisoning, 9 047 cases (3.35%) of occupational otolaryngological and stomatological diseases, 3 883 cases (1.44%) of occupational infections, 2 232 cases (0.83%) of occupational diseases caused by physical factors, 132 cases (0.49%) of occupational skin diseases, 1 258 cases (0.47%) of occupational eye diseases, 870 cases (0.32%) of occupational tumors, 143 cases (0.05%) of occupational radioactive diseases and 359 cases (0.13%) of other occupational diseases. In all kinds of occupational diseases, the incidence of pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases and occupational tumors was in a state of dynamic equilibrium, with no obvious increase or decrease trend. The incidence of occupational diseases and infectious diseases caused by oral diseases, physical factors, and infectious diseases showed an increasing trend, and a decreasing trend for chemical poisoning, occupational skin diseases, occupational eye diseases, and occupational radiation diseases.
    Conclusion Pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases were the most important occupational diseases in China, and occupational exposure to chemicals was a major hazard. Occupational diseases with an increasing incidence of otolaryngology and oral diseases need to be strengthened for prevention and control.

     

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