王建波, 许小云, 周浩, 白卢皙. 某机械制造企业不同职业病危害对工人鼻和咽部的影响[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2018, 36(2): 122-125. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2018.02.009
引用本文: 王建波, 许小云, 周浩, 白卢皙. 某机械制造企业不同职业病危害对工人鼻和咽部的影响[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2018, 36(2): 122-125. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2018.02.009
WANG Jianbo, XU Xiaoyun, ZHOU Hao, BAI Luxi. Exposure to different occupational hazards induced chronic rhinitis and pharyngitis of workers in machinery manufacturing industry and their possible influencing factors[J]. Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, 2018, 36(2): 122-125. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2018.02.009
Citation: WANG Jianbo, XU Xiaoyun, ZHOU Hao, BAI Luxi. Exposure to different occupational hazards induced chronic rhinitis and pharyngitis of workers in machinery manufacturing industry and their possible influencing factors[J]. Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, 2018, 36(2): 122-125. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2018.02.009

某机械制造企业不同职业病危害对工人鼻和咽部的影响

Exposure to different occupational hazards induced chronic rhinitis and pharyngitis of workers in machinery manufacturing industry and their possible influencing factors

  • 摘要:
    目的 探讨某机械制造企业不同职业病危害因素对工人鼻、咽部健康的影响, 为在相关行业中提出针对性的预防控制措施提供参考。
    方法 抽取广州市某机械制造企业2 014名工龄>1年的男性工人, 进行横断面调查。在这些男性工人中, 以不接触职业病危害因素或接触噪声的733名作业人员为对照组, 接触电焊烟尘、锰尘、棉尘、砂轮磨尘、有机粉尘的619名作业人员作为粉尘接触组, 接触汽车尾气、二甲苯、汽油的622名作业人员作为化学危害因素接触组, 分析各组慢性鼻炎、慢性咽炎患病率情况, 并对其可能的影响因素进行分析。
    结果 慢性鼻炎患病率方面, 粉尘接触组为13.6%(84/619), 化学危害因素接触组为9.8%(61/622), 对照组为13.1%(101/773), 三组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。慢性咽炎患病率方面, 粉尘接触组为69.1%(428/619), 化学危害因素接触组为64.7%(402/622), 对照组为42.3%(327/773), 两组接触组慢性咽炎患病率无统计学差异(P>0.05/3), 但均高于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05/3)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示, 尚未发现接触粉尘和接触化学危害因素对慢性鼻炎患病率的影响。与对照组比较, 接触粉尘(OR=2.801, P < 0.01)和接触化学危害因素(OR=2.362, P < 0.01)可能均为患慢性咽炎的危险因素; 与18~29岁年龄组相比, 30~39岁年龄组(OR=1.361, P < 0.01)、40~49岁年龄组(OR=1.516, P < 0.01)、50~60岁年龄组(OR=2.444, P < 0.01)患慢性咽炎的危险度可能增加; 偶尔饮酒、偶尔吸烟、经常吸烟均可能为慢性咽炎的危险因素(OR=1.778、1.707、1.324, P < 0.05)。
    结论 职业性接触粉尘、化学有害因素可能对咽部疾病有重要影响, 应督促工人正确合理使用防护用品; 饮酒对鼻、咽部健康的影响尚需进一步的研究。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To observe the adverse effects of occupational hazards in machinery manufacturing industry on workers' nose and pharynx.
    Methods Totally 2 014 male workers employed more than 1 year in a machinery manufacturing enterprise in Guangzhou were investigated. The workers were divided into different groups according to their occupational exposure history, namely reference group (733 workers, without any records of occupational hazards exposure or only noise-exposure), the dust-exposed group (619 workers, exposed to welding fume, manganese dust, cotton dust, grinding wheel grinding dust, and organic dust), and chemical-exposed group (622 workers, exposed to automobile exhaust, dimethyl benzene, and gasoline). The prevalence of chronic rhinitis and pharyngitis was compared among them and potential factors were analyzed.
    Results The prevalence of chronic rhinitis was 13.6% (84/619), 9.8% (61/622)and 13.1% (101/773), respectively in the dust-exposed group, chemical-exposed group and reference group. There was no statistically significant difference among those groups (P>0.05). The prevalence of chronic pharyngitis was 69.1% (428/619) and 64.7% (402/622), respectively in the dust-exposed group and the chemical-exposed group, which was significantly higher than that(42.3%, 327/773)in the reference group (P>0.05/3). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that dust and chemical exposure were not related to chronic rhinitis, while dust exposure (OR=2.801, P < 0.01) and chemical exposure(OR=2.362, P < 0.01) were the risk factors of chronic pharyngitis. Compared with the age of 18-29 years old, the age of 30-39 years old (OR=1.361, P < 0.01), 40-49 years old (OR=2.444, P < 0.01)and 50-60 years old (OR=2.444, P < 0.01) were the risk factors of chronic pharyngitis. Occasionally smoking, frequently smoking and occasional drinking were the risk factors for chronic pharyngitis (OR=1.707, 1.324, and 1.778 respectively, P < 0.05).
    Conclusion Occupational exposure to dust and chemical hazards were the important risk factors of chronic haryngitis. Correctly and reasonably using protective equipment is the important measure to reduce damage of occupational harmful factors on the pharynx. Further research on the effects of drinking on workers' nose and pharynx is necessary.

     

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