刘蒙蒙, 张健, 曾强. 不同风险评估方法在某石材加工企业粉尘和噪声危害评估中的应用比较[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2023, 41(1): 93-97. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2023.01.020
引用本文: 刘蒙蒙, 张健, 曾强. 不同风险评估方法在某石材加工企业粉尘和噪声危害评估中的应用比较[J]. 职业卫生与应急救援, 2023, 41(1): 93-97. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2023.01.020
LIU Mengmeng, ZHANG Jian, ZENG Qiang. Comparison of results of dust and noise hazard assessment in a stone processing enterprise using different risk assessment methods[J]. Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, 2023, 41(1): 93-97. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2023.01.020
Citation: LIU Mengmeng, ZHANG Jian, ZENG Qiang. Comparison of results of dust and noise hazard assessment in a stone processing enterprise using different risk assessment methods[J]. Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue, 2023, 41(1): 93-97. DOI: 10.16369/j.oher.issn.1007-1326.2023.01.020

不同风险评估方法在某石材加工企业粉尘和噪声危害评估中的应用比较

Comparison of results of dust and noise hazard assessment in a stone processing enterprise using different risk assessment methods

  • 摘要:
      目的  比较职业危害风险指数评估法、ICMM风险评估模型和我国有害作业分级法在某石材加工企业粉尘和噪声危害评估中的应用,为建立符合我国实际的石材加工职业健康风险评估指南提供依据。
      方法  选取天津市某石材加工企业为调查现场,开展职业卫生学调查、作业场所粉尘浓度监测和噪声声级测量,采用不同的风险评估方法评估粉尘和噪声暴露岗位的健康风险,比较评估结果的差异。
      结果  该企业主要采用的原料是天然大理石荒料,针对粉尘的工程防护措施较为完善,但是未设置工程降噪设施,工人佩戴个人防护用品的意识较差。关于粉尘危害,职业危害风险指数评估法和我国有害作业分级法的评估结果显示,各大理石粉尘危害暴露岗位的风险比值均为1级;ICMM模型风险评估结果显示,大板切割岗位的风险比值为1级,其余岗位均为2级。关于噪声危害,职业危害风险指数评估法的结果显示大板切割岗位的风险比值为2级,其余岗位均为3级;ICMM模型风险评估结果显示,大板切割岗位的风险比值为4级,其余岗位均为5级;我国有害作业分级法评估结果显示,大板切割、抛光操作和补胶打磨岗位为1级,其余岗位均为2级。
      结论  3种职业健康风险评估方法均能用于石材加工企业的粉尘和噪声的风险评估。ICMM模型易于高估风险,我国有害作业分级法使用相对简单,职业危害风险指数法能全面考虑各项要素,评估结果与实际较为一致。

     

    Abstract:
      Objective  Three methods for hazard assessment, the occupational hazard risk index method, the ICMM risk assessment model and the hazardous work classification method, were used to assess the dust and noise hazard assessment in a stone processing enterprise, and results were compared, in order to provide a basis for the establishment of occupational health risk assessment guidelines for stone processing in accordance with the actual situation.
      Methods  A stone processing enterprise in Tianjin was studied, an occupational health survey and measurement of dust concentration and noise level at workplaces were done. Different risk assessment models were used to evaluate the health risks of dust and noise exposure, and the differences in results were compared.
      Results  The raw material mainly used by the enterprise was natural marble. The engineering protection measures against dust were relatively perfect, while there were no engineering protection measures against noise, and workers' awareness of wearing protective equipment was poor. The results of the occupational hazard risk index method and hazardous work classification method showed that the marble dust hazard risk at all work positions was ranked as level 1, while the results of ICMM model showed that the risk at big plate cutting position was ranked level 1, and the risk at other positions was ranked as level 2. The results of the occupational hazard risk index method showed that the noise hazard risk at large plate cutting position was ranked as level 2, and the risk at other positions was ranked as level 3. The results of ICMM showed that the noise hazard risk at the large plate cutting position was ranked as level 4, and the risk at other positions was ranked as level 5. The results of the hazardous work classification method showed that the noise hazard risk at cutting, polishing and glue-repairing and grinding positions of large plates was ranked as level 1, and the risk at the other positions was ranked as level 2.
      Conclusions  The three occupational health risk assessment methods can be used to assess the risk of dust and noise in stone processing enterprises. The ICMM model tends to overestimate the risk. The hazardous work classification method is relatively simple, while the occupational hazard risk index method can comprehensively consider various factors, and the evaluation results are relatively consistent with the actual situation.

     

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