Objective To compare the performance differences in standardized first-aid theoretical knowledge and practical skills among university faculty and students, examine multidimensional factors influencing first-aid literacy, and provide a basis for developing first-aid education programs in different types of higher education institutions.

Methods Based on the first university first-aid education showcase in Jiangsu Province, standardized scoring of theoretical and practical performance was conducted among 140 participants from 20 universities. Basic demographic and background information of participants was collected to analyze performance differences and their influencing factors.

Results Among the 140 faculty and student participants, theoretical scores ranged from 40 to 100 points, with a mean of (79.8 ± 14.6) points; practical skill scores ranged from 68.9 to 92.2 points, with a mean of (85.3 ± 3.9) points. Compared with male participants, female participants had theoretical scores 7.035 points higher and practical skill scores 2.528 points higher. Compared with the 18 to 25 age group, each increase in age category (25 to 35 years, > 35 years) was associated with an average increase of 5.105 points in theoretical scores. Compared with the non-medical professional background group, the medical background group had theoretical scores 8.145 points higher. Compared with the higher vocational college group, the university/undergraduate group had theoretical scores 6.707 points higher. Compared with the student group, the physical education teachers, school physicians, and counselor group had practical skill scores 2.548, 3.197, and 4.185 points lower, respectively (all P < 0.01).

Conclusions There were significant differences in first-aid literacy among university faculty and students. Institution type and professional background exerted measurable influence on first-aid competence. It is recommended to establish regular refresher training, improve standardized first-aid education systems, and strengthen training for non-medical institutions and university staff in order to enhance overall first-aid capacity.