Abstract: Based on a comprehensive review of domestic and international literature and engineering practices, this paper systematically examined the recent development status, key technologies, and existing challenges of engineering control technologies against occupational hazards, with a focus on dust, toxicants, and noise. The future development trends were also summarized to provide references for technological innovation, achievement transformation, and broader industrial application of engineering control technology against occupational hazards. The results indicated that a relatively comprehensive technical framework for engineering control of occupational hazards has been established in China, with considerable progress achieved in the control of dust, toxicants, and noise hazards. However, significant challenges remained in extreme environments, complex working conditions, and the collaborative prevention and control of mixed pollutants and complex acoustic fields. Future efforts should focus on the deep integration of advanced technologies, such as novel materials and artificial intelligence, with engineering control technologies against occupational hazards, particularly the innovation of key theories, core technologies, and equipment for the control of dust, toxicants, and noise, thereby improving the level of engineering control for occupational hazards and providing technical support for occupational disease control.